NURS 8201 Correlations
NURS 8201 Correlations
NURS 8201 Correlations
Children immunization can be seen to be high even though some parents insist that the persistent usage of vaccines used for immunization may be the ones responsible for autism. The research question is does immunization causes autism. The hypothesis that can be developed is ;( 1) the null hypothesis the administration of many vaccines weakens the body’s immune system and (2) the alternative hypothesis of how vaccines cause autism in an individual.
Autism is the independent variable, while immunization is the dependent variable. One can either have autism with or without immunization; therefore, autism does not depend on immunization. Autism can be developed when there is a combination of non-genetic and genetic or an influence of the environment (Gerber and Offit, 2009). Additionally, autism can be developed when the parents are advanced in age, birth complications, and pregnancies, such as when there is an occurrence of extremely premature children who have a birth weight that is low in addition to when there is an existence of multiple pregnancies which are when an individual gets twins, triplets, etc. Notably, when there is less spacing from one child to another while giving birth can also be one of the factors that can cause autism.
The other factor that can make one develop autism is that autism can be a disability that can be developed depending on the way the brain usually functions. The ingredients of vaccines, more so thimerosal, a preservative mercury-based that can be used for preventive vaccines, do not influence the immune system (Chen and DeStefano, 2001). In addition, an individual can have autism since it runs in the family due to their genetic makeup.
References
Andrews, N., Miller, E., Taylor, B., Lingam, R., Simmons, A., Stowe, J., & Waight, P. (2002). Recall bias, MMR, and autism. Archives of disease in childhood
Chen, R. T., & DeStefano, F. (2001). Vaccine adverse events: causal or coincidental?
Gerber, J. S., & Offit, P. A. (2009). Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Taylor, B., Miller, E., & Farrington, P. (2000). Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. The Lancet.
33(6), 973-983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jts.22563
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Problem statement: Is there a positive nursing outcome when implementing an educational bridge program for ICU transition?
Independent variable- educational bridge program
Dependent variable- positive outcomes
Null hypothesis- There are no changes in nursing outcome when implementing an educational program for bridging into ICU transition because most nurses are not receptive to change.
Alternative hypothesis- There is a positive nursing outcome when implementing educational bridge program for ICU transition as a result of quality patient care.
Change is inevitable as many would like to say and just like being a nurse, changes occur every day and new research is being done to create evidenced based practices that would encourage quality patient care. Being a nurse for about 6 years now, I have encountered many changes through policies that needed to occur to assist in quality patient care. Also, working on Guam with an expanding multicultural population and within a government hospital, it is advisable that we follow and implement updated healthcare policies. One of the main new practice problems that we are currently encountering is the idea that nurses who wish to transfer to the intensive care unit is not receiving the proper education and transitional bridge into the ICU setting.
The critical care unit is a specialty unit that requires advanced skills and educational training and essentials of critical care orientation in order to attain acute care assessment skills. Due to an increase in the heavy and acutely ill patient population our ICU is trying to implement is starting up an educational bridge program for nurses who wish to transition into the ICU setting. However, just like change is bound to happen, not many nurses are receptive to receiving changes afraid of punitive actions towards mistakes, and may be afraid to reach out to other management about competency. In order to prioritize patient safety, the complexity of patients’ condition and treatment process in the intensive care unit predisposes patients to more hazardous events. Therefore, correlation studies should be done to determine if there are positive outcomes when implementing an educational bridge to transition into the ICU setting.
Correlation research can be defined as research design that investigates relationships between variables without the researchers controlling or manipulating them (Bhandari, 2021). In a randomized control study done by Amiri, Khademian, & Nikandish (2018), with a randomized experimental and control groups consisting of distribution of pamphlets about culture of safety and hospital surveys with a pre- and post- test; empowering nurses and supervisors through educational programs on patient safety could improve patient care outcomes. The epidemiology of errors included medication doses, prescription, and transcription, poor communication lack of knowledge and inadequate training are the main causes of nursing errors in the ICU. As a result, high morbidity and mortality associated with medication errors indicate the importance of promoting safety through educational bridging to transition in the ICU. Significant improvements were observed in promoting organizational learning, continuous improvements, and promoting patient safety as a result of post-test from the control group that received the educational bridge of transition into the ICU with a positive correlative dimension (72.3% positive responses).
In the end, it all comes down to knowing the foundation of nursing and from there build clinical performance that is suitable for the ICU setting. In article done by Shogi et.al. (2019), the gap between educational and clinical practice continues to be a challenge for educational experts therefore, this qualitative interview analysis study was conducted among nurses and administrators there is a need to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The theory and practice gap has been a consistent nursing problem encountered by both new graduates and experienced nurses. Incompatibility of theoretical education with the performance of nurses in the clinical setting can lead to inappropriate use of scientific resource coupled with adherence to conventional traditional methods in the healthcare setting resulting in ineffective nursing practice. Evidence based practices are coupled with quality patient care therefore, the link between knowledge and practice is vital for supporting clinical decision making and development in the nursing profession. This theory gap not only reduces motivation but also lead to a decrease in quality patient care. Mentorship and preceptorship would aid in bridging this gap to work efficiently and meet the ever changing healthcare needs.
Our ICU management is now re-introducing current theories in practice patients and validate scientific evidence with the inclusion of other fundamental measures such as cultivating positive attitudes, re-orienting nursing studies, and education. Effective education is key to implantation of quality care. Nurses serve as the bridge to management in promoting educational clinical guidelines based on their local facilities to share expectations.
Reference(s):
Amir, M., Khademian, Z., & Kikandish, R. (2018). The effect of nurse empowerment
educational program on patient safety culture: A randomized control trial. BMC Medical Education. 18(158). Retrieved from https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-018-1255-6
Bhandari, R. (2021). An introduction to correlational research. Scribbr Statistics. Retrieved from
Shogi, M., Sajadi, M., Oskiue, F., Dehnad, A., & Borimnejad, L. (2019). Strategies for bridging
the theory-practice gap from the perspective of nursing expert. Science Direct. 5(9). Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844019361638
Amir, M., Khademian, Z., & Kikandish, R. (2018). The effect of nurse empowerment
educational program on patient safety culture: A randomized control trial. BMC Medical Education. 18(158). https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-018-1255-6
Nakagawa, S., Johnson, P. C., & Schielzeth, H. (2017). The coefficient of determination R 2 and intra-class correlation coefficient from generalized linear mixed-effects models revisited and expanded. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 14(134), 20170213. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0213
Bartlett, N., Langerak, S., Lucas, L., Archibald, J., Robbins, T., Thompson, M., … & Sparks, A. (2019). Intensive Care to Intermediate Care Bridge Program. https://core.ac.uk/reader/270181500