NURS 6501 Module 7 Case Study Analysis

Case Study Analysis

The case study focuses on a 14 –year –old female who required urgent care. The patient was in the company of her mother. The mother stated that the girl was facing an abnormal number of funny-looking red spotless and had an abnormal number of bruises on her legs. However, the mother objected that the trauma was related to the bruises noted after two weeks. She also noted that the girl had been experiencing a bad rest at home for the past three weeks, led by a bad case of mono. The girl was identified to have bleeding gums when brushing her teeth in the morning. The lab report identified that the girl had a normal WBC differential and hgb and hct.

However, platelet abnormal lab results are based on the platelet count of 100,000/mm3. Bleeding in her gums was also noticed when she brushed her teeth in the morning. A complete workup on the peripheral blood smear immune thrombocytopenic purpura was recommended at the ED. The paper focuses on factors that interfere with fertility and gives the reason for the rise of STD/PID due to the inflammatory markers.

Pathophysiology of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpose (ITP)

According to Chen et al. (2022), immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) pathophysiology is complex since it consists of T-cell and B-cell abnormalities. There are four causes of thrombocytopenia mechanism, which are consumption, hyperproliferation, destruction, and sequestration. In addition, the mechanism involves a significant proportion of cases and increases platelet destruction, which is an impaired platelet production. Therefore, the megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis defect is experienced due to increased platelet destruction (Grodzielski et al., 2019).

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The phagocytosis process helps remove the sanitized platelet, which occurs in the sequestration of the anti-platelet IgG antibodies (Carter, 2018). The sanitized platelet happens a few hours compared to the normal platelet half-life of 8 to 9 days. The drug-induced ITP absorption happens in the platelet cell membrane (McCance & Huether, 2019). Therefore, the autoantibodies react against the platelet glycoproteins. Platelet destruction can also occur when abnormal apoptosis occurs in the bone marrow (McCance & Huether, 2019).

Clinical Manifestation of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpose (ITP)

Initially, ITP was perceived as a minor injury. However, the purpura and petechiae development occurred every several days, leading to an increase in bleeding from the mucosal site (McCance & Huether, 2019). Patients with ITP show signs like blood in the urine, bleeding gums, and increased bleeding. The main cause of accelerated platelet consumption is increased splenic sequestration or decreased bone marrow production (McCance & Huether, 2019). The lab test helps predict the diagnosis, evaluating the anti-glycoprotein erythrocyte and leukocyte count.

Genetic/Ethnic Considerations of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpose (ITP)

ITP highly occurs in women (Kjaer et al., 2020). In comparison to acute, the chronic ITP is progressively worse. Acute ITP lasts for approximately one to two months and is common in children (Kjaer et al., 2020). It is not common for a patient to present the intracranial bleeding for the organs or any other sites.ITP is also likely to occur in the newborn as thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion

The patient presents ITP, which is associated with the previous diagnosis of Mononucleosis. It is important to review a patient platelet, which helps determine the anti-platelet antibodies when performing a diagnostic test. ITP highly occurs in women between 20 to 40 years.

References

Carter, C. M. (2018). Alterations in blood components. Comprehensive Toxicology, 249. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc7152208/

Chen, D. P., Lin, W. T., Wen, Y. H., & Wang, W. T. (2022). Investigation of the correlation between immune thrombocytopenia and T cell activity-regulated gene polymorphism using functional study. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-8. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10631-z

Grodzielski, M., Goette, N. P., Glembotsky, A. C., Constanza Baroni Pietto, M., Méndez-Huergo, S. P., Pierdominici, M. S., … & Marta, R. F. (2019). Multiple concomitant mechanisms contribute to low platelet count in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-10. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-38086-1

Kjær, M., Geisen, C., Akkök, Ç. A., Wikman, A., Sachs, U., Bussel, J. B., … & Skogen, B. (2020). Strategies to develop a prophylaxis for the prevention of HPA-1a immunization and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 59(1), 102712. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147305021930285X

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier

NURS 6501 Module 7 Case Study Analysis