NRS 493 Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independent and dependent variables do you need to collect?

Variables are important to understand because they are the basic units of the information studied and interpreted in research studies. Researchers carefully analyze and interpret the value of each variable to make sense of how things relate to each other in a descriptive study or what has happened in an experiment (Dept of health and Human Services, 2021). An independent variable is the variable you manipulate or vary, in an experimental study, to explore its effects. It is called “independent” because it is not influenced by any other variables in the study. A dependent variable is the variable that changes because of the independent variable manipulation. It is the outcome you are interested in measuring, and it “depends” on your independent variable (Andrade, 2021). Simply put, independent and dependent variables of a research study have a cause-and-effect relationship; where the independent variable is the cause, and the dependent variable are the effect.

My Capstone change project is a urine culture stewardship initiative implemented at a rehabilitation hospital. My project is evaluated based on outcomes including a reduction in CAUTI rates, a decrease in the number of urine cultures ordered and a reduction of the number of patients inappropriately treated. Patients with indwelling urinary catheters and CAUTI rates have been identified as independent variable related to my change project. These variables are manipulated by the dependent variables which include the urine culture stewardship education and urine culture collection practices, both which directly influence the patients being treated as well as CAUTI rates.

References

Andrade, C. (2021). A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(2), 177. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313451/

Dept of health and Human Services. (2021). Elements of Research: Variables. https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/sdsu/variables.htm

Hello! Understanding the dependent and independent variables are extremely important with respect to our capstone change projects. Being able to understand how the interventions will influence our research. And the results that come about from the interventions and change implemented. The capstone project that I am doing is on fall prevention, the use of bed alarms and the implementation of hourly rounding. As fall continues to be a concern, having a intervention in place to try and prevent these falls from occurring is extremely important. Falls lead our patients to be at risk for injuries and prolonged hospital stays. As most of our populations in the healthcare field are those of the elderly, falls in this population can lead to many devastating outcomes that can include death. The incidence of falls also leads to a large cost to the healthcare system as well. There are many interventions that be put into place such keeping the bedside table within reach, call light within reach, patients have been toilet, and pain medications given. Of course, falls can still occur but placing interventions to try and prevent these falls from occurring is an important task in our daily activities with our patients. There are different ways to measure how the interventions we put into practice are working. Such as seeing a reduction in falls and see an improvement with patient satisfaction with their care, we can see that the intervention is working. Seeing a reduction in call lights as well can be beneficial.

Radecki, B., Reynolds, S., & Kara, A. (2018). Inpatient fall prevention from the patient’s perspective: A qualitative study. Applied Nursing Research, 43, 114–119. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2018.08.001

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Indeed, variables can be said to be the fundamental units of knowledge or specific information, especially when reviewing, analyzing, and translating the latest scientific research and evidence. With the availability of both independent and dependent variables, it is pretty important for the researchers to analyze their values and also see their relationship. You stated your definitions with clarity, and one could not agree less. In a concise way, I could add the definition of the independent variable as what the scientist changes or what changes (manipulated variable) on its own in research. In other words, the independent variable must be changed by the scientist, or it will change on its own; nothing else in the experiment affects or alters it (Sarikas, 2018). On the other hand, the dependent variable can also be briefly defined as; What is being studied or measured in an experiment. It is sometimes known as the responding variable, I.e., what shifts when the independent variable is changed or changes.

NRS 493 Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independent and dependent variables do you need to collect

Your project serves as a great explanation for distinguishing dependent variables from independent variables. Notably, your project has a number of variables which makes it even more interesting. Thank you for also first giving a good and understandable brief of the project. I’m, however, a bit confused with the classifications. I would initially think that since urine culture collection practices and urine culture stewardship education can both be manipulated; they would best be taken as the independent variables subject to clarification. Thank you.

References

Sarikas, C. (2018). Independent and Dependent Variables: Which Is Which? Prepscholar.com. https://blog.prepscholar.com/independent-and-dependent-variables

Two factors must be examined in research or EBP projects (independent and dependent variables). The dependent variable is what occurs as a result of the independent variable, while the independent variable is what we expect to influence the dependent variable (National Library of Medicine, n.d.). Independent variables are conditions that can be altered in an experiment or project, whereas dependent variables measure reaction or consequences. On one hand, in a scientific experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or altered to see how it affects the dependent variable (Polit & Beck, 2015). The dependent variable, on the other hand, is the variable being tested and measured in the study or experiment. As a result, the dependent variable is the one that is affected by the independent variable’s results. The independent variable is affected or changed by the experiment or study, which in turn impacts or changes the dependent variable (Polit & Beck, 2015).

Based on the evaluation of my EBP project, the independent variables include the actual data (expressed in percentages) of mothers who were not able verbalize the benefits of breastfeeding during the audit. The dependent variable will be the percentage increase of patients who were able to verbalize 4 benefits of breastfeeding in an audit after receiving education from the clinic staff. Essentially, the EBP project seeks to identify if the implementation of a performance improvement initiative focused on increased patient education, therefore improving patient knowledge and increasing breastfeeding audit results.

References:

National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Dependent and Independent Variables. Retrieved from: Dependent and Independent Variables (nih.gov)

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2015). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

Hello! There are many different ways to measure the independent and dependent variables with our research projects. Being able to understand how our change initiatives influence our practices in a positive way is vital to their success. Being able to understand how they benefit our patients is also extremely important. The independent variable is what we can expect that will influence the dependent variable. The dependent variable is what happens and is the result of the independent variable. The dependent variable is part of the experiment that can be changed or influenced. But it may not produce results as well (U.S National Library of Medicine, 2022). My evidence-based project is on fall prevention the use of bed alarms and the implementation of hourly rounding. In my project I would like to understand how the implementation of hourly rounding plays into the rate of falls. If this intervention is useful in the prevention of falls. And the improvement of patient satisfaction in their care. In this case, the independent variable would be the intervention of hourly rounding. The dependent variable would be the rate of falls. If the intervention had an effect on the rate of falls. We can see how the intervention of the independent variable would have an effect on the dependent variable which would be the rate of falls. There are different ways to understand how these interventions play a role and how they effect patient care. Understanding how these interventions play into the patients daily living in a positive way is how the intervention can be implemented permanently.

“Dependent and Independent Variables.” U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/stats_tutorial/section2/mod4_variables.html. Accessed 8 June 2022

Identifying the dependent and independent variables of a [project is vital. These variables are fundamental as they are the pieces of data used to evaluate the project and its progress. My project seeks to promote smoking cessation through a combination of education and nicotine replacement therapy. The first variable is the independent variable and this is the variable that is manipulated in the experiment in order to assess the outcome. The independent variable, just as its name suggests, is independent and this means that its outcomes are not dependent or hinged on other factors (Abaid et al., 2022). However the independent variable is manipulated, either by introduction, or charming the severity and this is done in order to influence the dependent variable. For this project, my independent variable is Education and Nicotine Replacement Therapy. This is the independent variable because it is introduced for the purposes of manipulating the dependent variable. The second independent variable is no intervention, and this will be used for the control.

The dependent variable, on the other hand, is dependent on other influences such as the independent variable. It is used to measure the outcome and thus, using it measures the impact of the independent variable. It is however important to note that the dependent variable does not only change after the admission of the independent variables (Vetter & Mascha, 2017). There are other factors that would influence the change in the dependent variables and these are called outlying or confounding variables. It is for this reason that it is important to have control groups as they account for confounding variables. In this project the dependent variable is smoking cessation, This is because it is the outcome being assessed in the project.

References

Abaid, S., Zafar, S., Kruger, E., & Tennant, M. (2022). Size estimation of unerupted canines and premolars using various independent variables: a systematic review. Größenabschätzung nicht durchgebrochener Eckzähne und Prämolaren anhand verschiedener unabhängiger Variablen: eine systematische Übersicht. Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie, 10.1007/s00056-022-00392-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-022-00392-9

Vetter, T. R., & Mascha, E. J. (2017). Bias, Confounding, and Interaction: Lions and Tigers, and Bears, Oh My!. Anesthesia and analgesia, 125(3), 1042–1048. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002332

Tobacco smoking has been one of the leading causes of preventable death and is associated with sickness, disability, and death from non-communicable chronic diseases. It contributes to an increased risk of death from communicable diseases. Tobacco smoking has effects on specific chronic diseases such as COPD, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, and cancer of organs; researchers developed studies using diverse independent variables for different domains. Some independent variables have been used such as duration of smoking cessation, age at starting smoking, or tobacco types, or the number of cigarettes used per day. The smoking amount is an ambiguous variable (inconstant) as it cannot be recorded accurately and it is suggested to use smoking amount jointly with other types of independent variables like smoking status. The age of starting smoking studies the impact of smoking on health and tobacco types triggers a different degree of addiction and different influences on health ( Gao et al., 2020).

Reference:

Gao et al. (2020, February 28). A Review of Common Independent Variables Used in Tobacco Smoking Related Studies. Biomedres.Us. https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.004302.php#:%7E:text=Moreover%2C%20there%20also%20some%20other%20forms%20of%20independent ,at%20starting%20smoking%20%5B39-41%5D%20and%20tobacco%20types%20%5B14%2C15%2C31%2C42%5D.

NRS 493 Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independent and dependent variables do you need to collect?