NRS 433 Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies and give an example of each
NRS 433 Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies and give an example of each
NRS 433 Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies and give an example of each
Phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research designs are the three categories of qualitative research methods discussed in this week’s readings. In specific, grounded theory and ethnographic research designs experience some similarities and differences. First, grounded theory is a method that enables researchers to take into account phenomena that are important to nursing. While, phenomenology is a method that enables researchers to comprehend a person’s lived experiences more fully. Of course, both are similar as they are a type of qualitative research design that strives to adapt to change when new information emerges during the data collection process, combine different data collecting methods, requires time and uses ongoing data analysis to create future strategies and determine when data collecting is complete (Green & Johnson, 2018). However, they differentiate in several ways. Phenomenology is a method that looks into how people interact with the world on a daily basis. It collects research from interviews. An example of a phenomenological research design would be analyzing the experiences of family members of someone with a drug addiction. While, ethnographic research studies real-time observation of the characteristics and conduct of a particular group, community, organization, or demography. A paradigm of study that focuses mostly on qualitative methods and direct observations of people and locations to produce written accounts of common or everyday behaviors and ideas is known as ethnography (Black et al., 2021). It collects research from observation, interviews and documents. An example of ethnographic research would be observing medical practitioners in the hospital setting in response to high patient volumes.
Black, G.B., Vans Os, S., Machen, S. & Fulop, N. Ethnographic research as an Evolving Method for Supporting Healthcare Improvement Skills : A Scoping Review. BMC Med Res Methodol 21, 274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-021-01466-9
Green, S., & Johnson, J. (2018). Research Ethics and Evaluation of Qualitative Research. Nursing research: Understanding Methods for Best Practice. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/2
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I agree with you that grounded theory is a method that enables researchers to take into account phenomena that are important to nursing. Therefore, the theory is detailed in critical aspect in nursing practice. Phenomenology theory enables researchers to comprehend a person’s lived experiences (Arunasalam, 2018). Therefore, the theory focuses on social interaction and human experience. Interviews and observation allows researchers using phenomenology theory to obtain accurate information. Grounded and phenomenology theories are different according to the distinct scope of work. However, these two qualitative studies provide critical information that guide critical decision-making process (McNarry et al., 2019). Information on people’s interactions helps in explaining behaviors and understanding the impact of social engagements. Thus, healthcare providers benefit from phenomenology theory. Ethnographic research designs are different from other two research designs. Ethnographic research designs provide real-time observation on a population. Integrated different research designs provide accurate outcomes. However, there are also challenges that are associated with using multiple research designs.
References
Arunasalam, N. (2018). Using hermeneutic phenomenology and the ethnographic principle of cultural interpretation with Malaysian nurses. Nurse Researcher, 26(1). doi: 10.7748/nr.2018.e1557
McNarry, G., Allen-Collinson, J., & Evans, A. B. (2019). Reflexivity and bracketing in sociological phenomenological research: Researching the competitive swimming lifeworld. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(1), 138-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2018.1506498
Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group. The fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at a description of the nature of the particular phenomenon. Grounded theory refers to a set of systematic inductive methods for conducting qualitative research aimed toward theory development. Ethnographic research is the study of the culture and social organization of a particular group or community.
Ethnography is generally concerned with culture and power with the main forms of data generally participatory observation and interviews. Phenomenology as both a philosophy and a methodology has been used in organizational and consumer research in order to develop an understanding of complex issues that may not be immediately implicit in surface response. Grounded theory as a methodology emerged from the discipline of sociology. Grounded theory method, although uniquely suited to fieldwork and qualitative data can be easily used as a general method of analysis with any form of data collection survey, experiment, case study. Grounded theory does not consult literature that is directly related to the research problem. The research gains a broad understanding of the area of study. In Ethnography attention is directly to literature in relation to the problem. Phenomenology is interpreting experiences though grounded theory extracts themes from data. Essentially, grounded theory seeks to build a theory of ‘what’s going on’ in a particular context-although its techniques of data analysis can be used in other type studies without arriving at the theory end-point. Ethnography seeks to build a culturally-oriented description of an event or social situation such as a festival. Each approach, in its own way, seeks to provide understanding of social relations thus, which approach you take depends on your research question on what you want to find out. The researcher studies the phenomenon in its natural context and uses a holistic approach to the study. More than one data collected approach is adopted as it helps the researcher in providing multiple interpretations and also enhances the accuracy and credibility of the research study. The interviews and stories of participants are added to the report which enhances the overall research findings.
References:
Grossoehme D. H. (2018). Overview of qualitative research. Journal of health care chaplaincy, 20(3), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.925660
Helbig, J. (2018) Nursing research: Understanding Methods for Best Practice. Retrieved September 6, 2022, from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1/#/home
The phenomenological and ethnographic research designs are more different than they are similar. Both designs are used for qualitative research and focus on human experiences, rather than sheer numbers. However, phenomenological focuses on the experiences of the individual whereas ethnographic focuses on the experience of the group (Hasa, 2017).
Phenomenological research describes an individuals experiences regarding a specific situation. Typically, this type of research will involve individuals that have had similar experiences through the use of interviews (Renjith et al., 2021). The phenomenological research design is based on philosophy, psychology, and education and also utilizes observation as a tool (Renjith et al., 2021). Because phenomenological research focuses on the experience of the individual, it also accepts that an individuals reality is determined by their personal experiences (Hasa, 2017). The amount of time this research takes varies depending on the size of the group and how broad the research question is.
Ethnographic research involves the interpretation of behaviors of a “culture sharing group (Renjith et al., 2021).” Renjith et al describe a culture-sharing group as “any group of people who share common meanings, customs, or experiences.” The ethnographic design is based on anthropology and is typically performed through observation and interviews (Renjith et al., 2021). The amount of time this research takes is quite extensive given the prolonged need for observation.
References:
Hasa. (2017, February 17). Difference between ethnography and phenomenology: Definition, features, Focus, data collection. PEDIAA. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://pediaa.com/difference-between-ethnography-and-phenomenology/#:~:text=Ethnography%20and%20phenomenology%20are%20two,experiences%20and%20perspectives%20of%20participants.
Renjith, V., Yesodharan, R., Noronha, J. A., Ladd, E., & George, A. (2021). Qualitative methods in health care research. International Journal of Preventative Medicine, 12(20). Retrieved from https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.lopes.idm.oclc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8106287/.