HRM 635 Define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance
HRM 635 Define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance
HRM 635 Define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance
Clinical significance is the significance that is linked to the significance of a course of treatments. When a project has clinical significance, it means that the intervention that was implemented had both genuine and quantifiable effects (Polit, 2017). Clinical significance has various key applications and it is mostly in major applications such as pharmaceutical testing and medical research or even in non-medical research, but it is also used in the critique of data sets.
On the other hand, statistical significance on the other hand is significance that emanates from the finding that an event is unlikely to have been caused by something else, or to have occurred by chance (Andrade, 2019).
During the implementation of EBP, I would use clinical significance to show the superiority of the interest, as compared to competing interventions. I would first design my intention in such a manner that it is extensively supported by evidence that has achieved both clinical and statistical significance, and also ensure that there are no outliers that ultimately affect the intervention. My intervention which is Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Education and in this case, I would use clinical significance to prove that both of these intentions would have a more positive impact than no intervention at all.
References
Andrade C. (2019). The P Value and Statistical Significance: Misunderstandings, Explanations, Challenges, and Alternatives. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 41(3), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_193_19
Polit D. F. (2017). Clinical significance in nursing research: A discussion and descriptive analysis. International journal of nursing studies, 73, 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.002
In a successful evidence-based project implementation, it is essential to understand and interpret the research findings. Therefore, it becomes critical to recognize and appreciate the difference between clinical significance and statistical significance. Statistical significance in research is phenomenon that is used to indicate the reliability of the study results by highlighting that a certain claim from data generated from experiment is attributed to a specific cause (Fleischmann & Vaughan, 2019). When the degree of statistical significance is high, the implication is that the observed relationship is unlikely coincidental but rather it has a direct association with a certain cause.
Clinical significance is essential in highlighting its implication in clinical practice. Clinically significant results or outcomes are subjective interpretations that are based on research findings as having healthcare implications for the specified patient. Clinically significant results indicate that the research findings can influence the healthcare practices and interventions hence shaping the behavior of healthcare practitioners. For results to be labeled clinically significant, the data must convince medical experts that the findings can inform the provision of care for a particular patient.
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In the case of evidence-based research practice, it is essential to determine statistical significance of the research results before ascertaining whether the results are clinically significant. The main reason for establishing statistical significance before determining clinical significance is that clinical significance is determined after evaluating several research or experimental findings and confirming that they are statistically significant (Polit, 2017). I can make use of clinical significance to inform positive outcomes in my project outcome by ensuring that the results are statistically significant because clinical significance is informed by statistically significant results.
References
Fleischmann, M., & Vaughan, B. (2019). Commentary: statistical significance and clinical significance-a call to consider patient reported outcome measures, effect size, confidence interval and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 23(4), 690-694.
Polit, D. F. (2017). Clinical significance in nursing research: A discussion and descriptive analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 73, 17-23.
Evidence-based practices (EBP) often have statistical information to assess or base project results and the clinical significance is key as it points to “patient safety or efficacy” and the true value of assessing via clinical research statistical results (Page, 2014). Page also informs us of the importance to incorporate information including effect sizes and confidence intervals for “clinically-relevant information” and ultimately the results are “only of value if it is properly interpreted” (2014). However, this is not the only venue to assess the outcome of a project.
Betterham and Watkins point out the statistical significance of there being or lacking differences is of limited value and stressing that a non-significant outcome does not necessarily (italics are Kitty’s) mean that a treatment or project was of no or minuscule value as many factors including sample size are key factors in the results (2006). Page continues with insight that a project or research not have an outcome that is clinically significant, yet is statistically significant “and vice-versa) (2014).
The site I am doing my preceptorship at has maintained records on each patient who has tested for Covid-19. The word has gotten out locally and beyond and in an interview, Dr. Tyson shared, their sites were seeing 200-400 persons a day (2021). The patients they saw were provided interventions from the beginning; which we now know as Covid-19, which addressed patients symptoms including possible headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing and/or temp. their test results, symptoms or asymptomatic, what interventions needed or prescribed, if additional indications led to chest x-ray and/or breathing treatment and ultimately regarding the follow-up call or return to office visit for assessment, further medications or the need to go to the hospital. In most of the cases, there has been clinical significance to optimal outcome and less need of admittance to the hospital.
Resources
Batterham, A.M. and Hopkins, W. G. (2006). Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. International Journal of Sports Physiology Performance. (1), 50‐57.
Page, P. (2014). beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(5): 726–736. Beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature – PMC (nih.gov)
Tyson, B. (2021). The miracle of the Imperial Valley: Dr. Tyson’s first-person account of COVID-19. The Desert Review. https://www.thedesertreview.com/news/the-miracle-of-the-imperial-valley-dr-tyson-s-first-person-account-of-covid-19/article_a8707136-196b-11eb-bc7b-87d7730460bb.html
The variance among statistical and clinical significance is as followed clinical significance detects difference between the two collections or the two treatment modalities, while statistical significance suggests whether there is any precise implication to the supported investigation of the outcomes or not. My project focus is nursing shortage in long term care. When employed in long-term care, developing connections with clients can be vital to their health and quality of life. Most long-term care management, usually shy away from using agency, because it has an impact on staff morale, on resident satisfaction;”. addressing nursing shortages problems of dissatisfaction among nurses and enhance positive treatment which often results in better outcomes among patients in long-term healthcare facilities. The aim of the intervention is to ensure that the problem is addressed and there is increased retention of the nurses to ensure that number of nurses available to serve the patients in long-term healthcare facilities remains high and sufficient to offer the patients quality services without being strained or dissatisfied with their jobs. This is also deigned to guarantee patients in the long-term healthcare facilities that their well-being is considered, and nurses are supported to ensure they contribute to positive treatment outcomes.
References:
Monroe, C., Loresto, F., Horton-Deutsch, S., Kleiner, C., Eron, K., Varney, R., & Grimm, S. (2021). The value of intentional self-care practices: The effects of mindfulness on improving job satisfaction, teamwork, and workplace environments. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 35(2), 189-194.
Sharma H. (2021). Statistical significance or clinical significance? A researcher’s dilemma for appropriate interpretation of research results. Saudi journal of anaesthesia, 15(4), 431–434. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.sja_158_21
Evidence Based Practice plays a significant role in health care, as it helps in improving the treatment methods and thus providing high quality care to patients. Health care providers opt for evidence based practice as they can adopt the latest and advanced treatment methods, give priority to patient preferences and render good health care service that will result in absolute patient satisfaction. Some EBP projects result in both statistically and clinically significant results, wherein some do not. Clinical significance points at the treatment effects, that is it shows how effectively and efficiently the treatment is working. Statistical significance points at the mathematical outcome (data) that is it relates the reliability of the results of the study (Cardoso et al, 2021).
As the clinical significance is always calculated and analyzed from the patient’s reaction to the adopted practice method. As far as nursing is concerned, the major focus is on the clinical significance as it emphasizes on providing high quality care based on the evidences that will bring about positive results in the patient’s health. Clinical significance measures and clearly points at the positive, effective outcome in a patient’s health a change has brought out and that results in both the patient’s and the health providers satisfaction. Statistical significance brings about the reliability of the change that has been put into use that means the results obtained are real and proved. Statistical significance proves the claim of the EBP that the desired effect of a particular change does exist as per the claim. As far as my EBP in infection control is concerned, clinical significance rightly proves that the change has resulted in positive outcome. The infection practices of use of hand sanitizers, disposable masks, gloves, hospital gowns and linens has clearly shown that the patients chosen for this particular study were free of infection. In the same way proper maintenance of catheters and ventilators also have shown a healthy and positive change in the patients’ health. The proper disposal of waste and disinfecting have maintained a healthy atmosphere for the patients and the health care organization on the whole. Thus clinical significance can very well support the positive outcomes of an EBP project (Polit, 2017).
References:
Cardoso, D., Couto, F., Cardoso, A. F., Bobrowicz-Campos, E., Santos, L., Rodrigues, R., Coutinho, V., Pinto, D., Ramis, M. A., Rodrigues, M. A., & Apóstolo, J. (2021). The Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Educational Program on Undergraduate Nursing Students’ EBP Knowledge and Skills: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(1), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010293
Polit, D. F. (2017). Clinical significance in nursing research: A discussion and descriptive analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 73, 17-23.