DNP 801 Review the "Literature Evaluation Table."

DNP 801 Review the “Literature Evaluation Table.”

Research is one of the efforts used to continue to promote the excellence of science and in practicing science. Some experts came together and have created guidelines for research publications, systematic reviews, and quality improvement projects. One of such groups is called Enhancing the quality and Transparency of Health Research Network (EQUATOR) (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). This group provides a repository and clearing for using guidelines when reporting. It improves and maintains the reliability of any published health care research work and provides the transparency and accuracy or reporting information and encouraging a wider use of the guidelines which helps to show the strength of the evidence (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). Literature review studies are very essential for any research work. It helps to present a total picture or scope of ideas of topics, methods, theories and synthesis of previous studies to increase knowledge and gives insight on how to develop studies (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018), (Loura, Bernardes, Baixinho, Henriques, Félix, & Guerreiro, 2022). Literature review helps researchers to search out relevant articles, retrieve and review them, analyze and integrate all the information from all the studies to present new information to implement in nursing knowledge and practice. Also, literature review of various studies helps with increased knowledge of effective decision making for clinical practices (Mohammadreza, Nasrullah, Najmeh, & Abdulghani, 2021). In recent times, literature reviews are regarded as a research method which follows a specific method or guidelines for conducting research that every researcher follows. It increases knowledge in any field when analyzing and critiquing materials which is different when compared to the previous traditional methods that were ad hoc, did not follow particular methods and often times were not thorough and lacked rigor and often generated questions about the validity and reliability of the research (Snyder, (2019).

There are different reasons for a literature review. One of such reasons is for the researcher to evaluate certain theories or evidence in a particular field. It can also be used to provide and overview of a research problem and identify the gaps in knowledge. It can also be used to develop theories, of building new conceptual theories or when used as a road map to research in a specific field. (Snyder, (2019). Therefore, researchers need to be able to critically evaluate reports to make sure the results are valid, reliable and applicable to nursing practice and hence replicable across board. Where scientific methods followed to maintain the validity of the research. This must be established before the results can be looked at. Qualitative research involves the use of statistical methods to analyze the research by determining the size of the research. Did it involve all aspects of a whole population or just some groups? The total number of sample size reported should equal the number of participants in the study to avoid attrition (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).

The strength (i.e., level of evidence) and quality of an evidenced research article helps to guide research and promote its practicality and applicability for clinical practice. Hence, most research studies are based on different levels of evidence and different research designs. In addition to the levels of evidence, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, 2002), in Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt (2018) text, states that for any level of evidence to portray strength, it needs to show quality, quantity and consistency in research (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). This will help to support my research or any research when the researcher follows the guidelines that have been established for any reputable research that will be published.

References:

Loura, D. D., Bernardes, R. A., Baixinho, C. L., Henriques, H. R., Félix, I. B., & Guerreiro, M. P. (2022). Nursing students’ learning from involvement in research projects: An integrative literature review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0053

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. LWW.

Mohammadreza, F., Nasrullah, A. Najmeh, A., & Abdulghani, A. (2021). Different types of review studies and their role in promoting nursing knowledge: A narrative review. Journal of Diabetic Nursing, 9(1), 1339-1355.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

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Literature evaluation tables and other forms of appraisal tools aid in identifying the quality of articles and studies (Siering et al., 2013). In addition, the table helps DNP learners organize pertinent content from articles such as the type of research design, methodology, limitations, and more. With this, the criteria on the literature evaluation table hold valuable information that will define and can ultimately support the DPI project. For instance, the quantitative research study must coincide with the DPI project, thus making it essential to provide the research questions, purpose, and aim of the study. The type of primary research design also plays an important role as it helps identify the level of evidence (Dang & Dearholt, 2018). The type of primary research is most helpful in identifying a qualifying research article as it determines the overall strength and quality of the research. In addition, the interpretation of data and outcomes is essential to the overall success of the DPI project as it will support the intervention and gain stakeholder buy-in (Siering et all, 2013). Ultimately, a thorough literature review is vital for a successful DPI project. The literature and level of evidence need to support the problem and intervention and are pertinent to achieving positive outcomes. The various levels of evidence in research can be classified by the study’s methodology (Dang & Dearholt, 2018). For instance, the highest level includes studies utilizing systematic reviews, randomized-controlled trials, and meta-analyses. The level of evidence is necessary and a part of the evidence table.

References:

Dang, D., & Dearholt, S.L. (2018). John Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: Model & guidelines (3rd ed.). Sigma Thea Tau International

Siering, U., Eikermann, M., Hausner, E., Hoffmann-Eer, W., & Neugebauer, E. A. (2013). Appraisal tools for clinical practice guidelines: A systematic review. PLoS ONE,

8(12), 1. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082915

DPI projects go hand in hand with quantitative studies because they are one of the best methods of research for clinical studies because the participants are grouped into two groups the experimental and the control group and when numerical data is received, it that can be used to analyze information obtained from the groups to decide which will be the best practice to use. With the quantitative studies using different research design methods such as meta-analyses, systematic reviews and Randomized control trials (RCTs) and some more and with each method producing different levels of evidence on the pyramid based on the quality of the research and the volume of evidence utilized, these three being at the top three levels. When a higher method of evidence is used and the research is great, it produces a very accurate representation of the true situation with increased confidence of validity, reliability and applicability with other care patients. Though most research trials are never perfect according to Archie Cochrane of the Cochrane databases, because the large number of RCTs with various results and qualities or evidence was not presented to clinicians in a form that they could use to effect change in practice hence the need to apply systematic reviews to most studies to improve the outcomes and practice.

References:

Chalmers, J., & Cowdell, F. (2021). What Are Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods? A Brief Introduction. Dermatological Nursing, 20(2), 45–48.

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. LWW.

Scholarly research needs more than adequate time to assess, organize sources, and analyze previous literature about the research. This entails the researcher spending a great deal of time reading and summarizing other people’s work, engaging in critical thinking, assessing sources, doing some background research on the authors, and in the end looking out for biases and assess the validity and consistency of the various information/texts before using them to support his own research. (University of Washington Bothell, nd). It is essential to create a resource organizational table to use as a tool in identifying the different perspectives, thought processes, and variables that affect the question at stake (University of Washington Bothell, nd).

Therefore, it becomes imperative to complete a well-grounded literature review before developing a quality improvement project, bearing in mind the chances of biases, and focusing primarily on reducing the risks of such bias. (Watts, 2020). A great literature review requires the researcher to explore multiple databases (Bethel et al., 2021). Additionally, it is helpful to use a literature evaluation table because articles may be found on different databases but ordered and listed in a separate location. As stated earlier, the table serves as an organizational tool for easy identification of certain research trends and themes. With a strong literature review, the study design, results, and outcomes will be valuable to the quality of the research, and even help to form the PICOT question, and at the same time provide supporting data to the PICOT intervention, thus lending viability to the research and DPI project.

References

University of Washington, Bothell. (nd) Integrating writing: assessing sources/writing a literature review. https://www.uwb.edu/wacc/resources/writing/reviews

Bethel, A. C., Rogers, M., & Abbott, R. (2021). Use of a search summary table to improve systematic review search methods, results, and efficiency. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 109 (1), 97–106. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.809

Watts, K. (2020). How to conduct a literature review. Podiatry Review, 77 (1), 14-15.

Nursing as a science continues to evolve. However, it takes on average 17 years before evidenced-based research is actually applied to practice (Luciano, et al., 2019). To remain up to date and current in nursing practice, one must continue to inquire about the latest evidence-based research that may affect practice. In fact, nurses with advanced degrees tend to spend time reading professional journals and have more professional memberships compared to entry-level nurses (Armstrong et al., 2003). While this study is older than the recommended five years, it validates the fact that advanced degree professional nurses continue to research after their academic program is complete. As a nurse seeking an advanced degree, reading research and journals is not enough. Conducting research is an essential component at this level. Critical evaluation of research is an aptitude developed in graduate studies. As a DNP learner, the research is taken to the next step of application within one’s institution or practice area. In doing so, the 17-year gap from research to practice can be reduced. The literature evaluation table will be useful during this process.

A robust literature review should be completed prior to developing a quality improvement project, with a focus on primary research to reduce the risk of bias (Watts, 2020). A robust literature review involves searching more than one database (Bethel et al., 2021). By using a literature evaluation table, articles may be found on different databases but ordered and listed in one location. The literature evaluation table will be extremely useful to stay organized and identify themes or trends within the journal articles from various databases. The study design, findings, and outcomes will be valuable to assess the quality of the research. This can help drive the PICOT question and ensure there is data supporting the PICOT intervention. The literature evaluation table provides a visual overview of the strength of the research. Higher strengths or levels of research can stalwartly support interventions being studied. By using the literature evaluation table, a researcher can ensure a sufficient number of high-level studies are included to support the PICOT question. Lastly, a table allows the researcher to quickly and efficiently review the journal article without restarting a database search.

References

Armstrong, M. L., Johnston, B. A., Bridges, R. A., & Gessner, B. A. (2003). The impact of graduate education on reading for lifelong learning. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 34(1), 19–25.

Luciano, M. M., Aloia, T. A. & Brett. J. F. (2019, August 2). 4 ways to make evidence-based practice the norm in health care. Harvard

Business Review. https://hbr.org/2019/08/4-ways-to-make-evidence-based-practice-the-norm-in-health-care#:~:text=Evidence%2Dbased%20practice%20is%20held,evidence%20shows%20it%20helps%20patients.

Watts, K. (2020). How to conduct a literature review. Podiatry Review, 77 (1), 14-15.

DNP 801 Review the “Literature Evaluation Table.”