Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

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In the case scenario, a friend calls and requests me to prescribe her medication. Although I have the autonomy, I do not have the friend’s medical history. However, I still write the prescription. This paper explores the ethical and legal implications of this scenario, approaches to address disclosure and nondisclosure, and the procedure of writing prescriptions.

Ethical and Legal Implications Of The Scenario On All Stakeholders Involved

Prescribing or giving medications to family members and friends, except for an emergency is regarded as unprofessional conduct and can call for disciplinary measures. The ethical problem surrounds the fact that the relationship with a friend or relative can cloud a practitioner’s judgment (Sorrell, 2017). Based on the state, the prescriber in this scenario can face legal consequences for prescribing to their friend. Writing a drug prescription for friends in a social setting can prompt legal action. Since the prescriber has the autonomy to prescribe, the ethical and legal consequences would center on what is best for the person prescribed and whether local ethic boards have an outlook on the matter (Sorrell, 2017). The prescribed medication may result in an adverse drug event since no assessment was conducted, which fails to uphold ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence.

The ethical and legal implications of the act would not only fall on the prescriber but also the dispensing pharmacist. Ethical implications for the pharmacists would include the failure to uphold beneficence and nonmaleficence. The pharmacist ought to have reviewed the diagnosis for the patient before dispensing to ensure the medication is appropriate for the patient’s medical condition (Sorrell, 2017). Failing to review the medical information puts the patient at risk of adverse drug effects if the drug is not appropriate for the patient.  Furthermore, the patient may face legal implications for getting a prescription without being assessed and diagnosed by a healthcare provider.

Strategies to Address Disclosure and Nondisclosure As Identified In the Scenario

The communication between a health provider and a client, family member, or a client’s proxy in which the provider admits that a medical error occurred is referred to as disclosure of medical error. A statute in North Carolina protects reports made by a health provider apologizing for an adverse treatment outcome. According to the disclosure statute, health providers must offer remedial or corrective treatment interventions, as well as voluntary acts to assist the affected patient (North Carolina Medical Board, 2017). However, the North Carolina statute does not protect any admissions of fault or acknowledgement of responsibility by a provider. If the medication causes an adverse event in the prescriber’s friend or the prescriber realizes they prescribed the incorrect medication, the prescribing clinician must notify the patient (Eniola & Gambino, 2019). The clinician should explain how the error occurred as well as the steps that will be taken to correct the error and its consequences.

Nurses have varying degrees of prescribing power over medical services, medications, and controlled substances. This necessitates that nurses understand the ethical implications of medication prescribing. Understanding the ethical obligation allows a nurse to effectively shed light on the common issue related to the opioid crisis (Haahr et al., 2020). Furthermore, ethical obligations make it possible for nurses to influence their prescription. The advantage of ethical regulation is that it aids in the prevention of medical errors, which are a concern in the healthcare system (Haahr et al., 2020). The paper looks at a case study of a nurse who prescribed her husband despite the fact that he was not her patient.

Ethical and Legal Implications of the Scenario

The medication prescribed was Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) tablets. Hydromorphone is an opioid that is effective in several binding receptors (Edinoff et al., 2021). According to (Edinoff et al. (2021), Hydromorphone is used to manage and treat severe acute pain and is effective for severe chronic action. Prescribing Hydromorphone is only allowed when the first line of treatment has failed since it is associated with overdose risk (Dassieu et al., 2019). The medication can also be prescribed when there is an off-label to help in cough suppression (Edinoff et al., 2021)..

The adverse side effects lead by the use of Hydromorphone cause an effect on several organ systems such as endocrine, gastrointestinal, integumentary, and respiratory systems. The most common side effects that the patient should experience include headaches, dizziness, nausea /vomiting, sweating, and flushing (Kiyokawa & Haning, 2021). The serious side effect includes depression or respiratory arrest, hypotension, adrenal insufficiency, drug withdrawal syndrome, and suicidal thoughts. The significant features of Hydromorphone analgesia are that it can occur without losing consciousness.

The effect of Hydromorphone on the central nervous system is that it helps in depressing cough reflex by affecting the medulla on the cough center. Hydromorphone causes a direct result on the brain stem respiratory centers, leading to an increase in carbon dioxide tension (Laycock & Bantel, 2019). The effect that Hydromorphine has on the gastrointestinal tract and smooth muscles is that it causes a decrease in motility, which leads to an increase in the tone of the duodenum and gastric antrum (Laycock & Bantel, 2019). In addition, there is a decrease in propulsive contractions.

Hydromorphone affects the cardiovascular system by influencing hypotension production, which leads to the release of histamine and peripheral vasodilation (Laycock & Bantel, 2019). It also has an effect on the myocardium after intravenous administration of opioids (Laycock & Bantel, 2019). However, the effect of the myocardium varies based on the opioid analgesic agents and state of sympathetic drive and hydration. The NR S 28-470 regulation in the Nebraska State allows dispensing and prescribing naloxone to other persons, family, and family members (Nebraska Medical Association, 2018). The prescribers and dispensers should assist someone who experiences an opioid-related overdose (Laycock & Bantel, 2019).

The ethical implication includes autonomy and the right to self-determination. Based on the case scenario, the nurse practitioner should be subject to legal action to allow the husband to use hydromorphone. It is expected that the nurse would take the initiative and advise the husband about the side effects associated with narcotics. The nurse practitioner should face legal action for violating the principle of beneficence and nonmaleficence (Andrade, 2019). The nurse failed to choose what is best for a patient and avoid harming the patient when prescribing hydromorphone. A legal action should be taken to the patient for using a pain management strategy that is not ethically and medically justified. Nurse practitioner are entitled the obligation to helps patient and family member understand knowledge about ethical and legal aspect relating to pain management (Andrade, 2019).

Narcotics drug prescription should only be prescribed by the Drug Enforcement Administration, thus creating a legal implication for the nurse (Moore, 2019). The prescription should involve effective communication and consultation by evaluating the patient document, which helps in avoiding medical errors (Sari et al., 2018). The nurse violates the ethical implication by diverting the control of the narcotic drug to the husband. Therefore, the legal implication should be taken against the nurse and be accused of fraudulent activities by adopting the wrong prescription form.

Strategies to Address Disclosure and Non-Disclosure Based on the Scenario

When making a decision based on the patient, a nurse is obligated to disclose the information. The act leads to complying with autonomy which is the principle of ethics (Varkey, 2021). Legal implication advocates the need for the nurse to ensure full disclosure of medical errors. Based on the case scenario, that nurse is expected to apply all the principles of ethics, including justice, autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. The use of ethical guidelines effectively promotes a high level of patient attention and care (Varkey, 2021).

The strategy to adopt is to explain the prescription’s legal and ethical implications to the nurse. This will help the nurse acknowledge the need for information when deciding about the medical care despite making a prescription to her husband. Considering the principle of autonomy hinders a nurse from influencing a patient’s choice (Varkey, 2021). The nurse needs to acknowledge the mistake to the husband and seek professional advice who has medical knowledge that effectively minimizes uncertainty (Varkey, 2021).

Strategy to Guide Decision making in the Scenario

The nurse delegated the patient in deciding on the prescription, which translated to medical errors. Therefore, I would advise on the need to promote autonomy. I would encourage the benefit of accountability which is an effective way of controlling medical error (Robziewicz et al., 2021). The lack of addressing the problem is likely to influence a repeated error which can influence adverse events. I would not encourage punishment to the nurse but rather the need to implement an education structure that effectively improves patient safety. I would encourage the nurse’s need for a report by explaining what happened and explaining the intended action that would help in rectifying the medical error (Robziewicz et al., 2021). I would disclose the error to hinder the same mistake from recurring and ensure that I am keen to follow the proper medication reconciliation procedure when in practice.

Process of Writing Prescriptions

Writing the prescription process makes it effective for nurses and eliminates medical errors. The process entails writing the prescriber’s information which consists of the clinician’s name, office address, and contact information (Newby et al., 2019). It is important to include the patient information and specify when the prescription was written. The prescription should also include a recipe detailing the medication prescribed, dosage, and dose form (Newby et al., 2019).

The next step involves using a signature that shows the patient how the medication should be taken. There should also be dispensing instruction that helps the pharmacist know the level of medication that a patient should receive (Newby et al., 2019). The process makes it effective in reducing the chances of medical errors. In addition, the process involves picking and filling up the prescriptive medication in a clear way.

Conclusion

Effective strategies that can help minimize medical errors include using clear patient information. Information such as side effects should be disclosed. This helps in dispensing the correct drug, thus fulfilling’s the ethical guideline and avoiding being accountable for legal implications. Therefore, providing prescriptive guidelines is effective and helps improve patient safety and minimize medical errors

References

Andrade, G. (2019). Medical ethics and the trolley problem. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc6642460/

Dassieu, L., Kaboré, J. L., Choinière, M., Arruda, N., & Roy, É. (2019). Chronic pain management among people who use drugs: A health policy challenge in the context of the opioid crisis. International Journal of Drug Policy, 71, 150-156. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395919300891

Edinoff, A. N., Kaplan, L. A., Khan, S., Petersen, M., Sauce, E., Causey, C. D., … & Kaye, A. D. (2021). Full Opioid Agonists and Tramadol: Pharmacological and Clinical Considerations. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 11(4). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8520671/

Haahr, A., Norlyk, A., Martinsen, B., & Dreyer, P. (2020). Nurses experiences of ethical dilemmas: A review. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 258-272. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733019832941

Kiyokawa, M., & Haning, W. F. (2021). Hydromorphone-induced tactile hallucinations: rare opioid side effect. Cureus, 13(2). https://www.cureus.com/articles/51768-hydromorphone-induced-tactile-hallucinations-rare-opioid-side-effect

Laycock, H., & Bantel, C. (2019). Opioid mechanisms and opioid drugs. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 20(8), 450-455. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472029919301286

Moore, D. J. (2019). Nurse practitioners’ pivotal role in ending the opioid epidemic. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 15(5), 323-327. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1555415518307542

Nebraska Medical Association (2018). Advocating for Physicians and the Health of all Nebraskans. https://www.nebmed.org/about/news/new-nebraska-laws-regarding-opiates-prescribing-and-continuing-ed

Newby, D. A., Stokes, B., & Smith, A. J. (2019). A pilot study of a pharmacist-led prescribing program for final-year medical students. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 1-6. https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-019-1486-1

Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2021). Medical error reduction and prevention. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/

Sari, D., Baysal, E., Celik, G. G., & Eser, I. (2018). Ethical decision making levels of nursing students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(3), 724. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6041523/

Varkey, B. (2021). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), 17-28. https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/509119

What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should you be prescribing drugs to this patient? How might different state regulations affect the prescribing of this drug to this patient?

https://nursingpaperslayers.com/assignment-ethical-and-legal-implications-of-prescribing-drugs-nurs-6521/

These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient.

Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

Ethical and Legal Implications on Stakeholders

It is a responsibility of a Nurse Practitioner (NP) to collect patient data by taking his or her medical history and conducting examination prior to initiating any prescription of medication. This move is essential for a NP to accurately diagnose the patient and offer an appropriate treatment plan (Rossi, Lipsey & Henry, 2018). In the case at hand, although the NP had autonomy to prescribe, the NP neither took patient history nor conducted physical examination, which is a contravention

of ethical principles. Besides, the NP ought to understand the move was against the laws and regulations that operate in Texas to guide the practice. Therefore, the NP risk facing legal implications should the patient report any adverse effects due to medical malpractice. On the other hand, the pharmacist has an ethical and legal obligation to provide education to patient on the right use of the any prescribed medication and their possible side effects before issuing the patient with the medication. Therefore, failure to do this may attract legal actions. The patient and the patient’s family on their side had a responsibility to report any adverse reaction to medication to the NP for proper action including change or discontinuation of medication.  Besides, they are allowed to initiate legal action against NP for negligence.

Strategies to Address Disclosure and Nondisclosure

In the present scenario, it is appropriate to report to the matter to the physician and consult on the best way forward. Essentially, in Texas, the NP is required to collaborate with physicians to form a relationship that fosters consultation and referral. However, many NPs do not trust this strategy for fear of possible loss of job since reporting such cases equal accepting committing illegal activities. Alternatively, the NP may rely on the statutory citation rule 413, which is a state apology law. This rule enables the NP to ask for pardon for contravening the standards rules of practice with a surety that such apology cannot be used against him or her in the court of law (Westrick & Jacob, 2016). In Texas, the statutory citation rule 413 is applicable as Tex. Civil Practice & Remedies Code Ann. §18.06. This rule is essential in enabling a better opportunity for the NP to indicate remorse and ask for forgiveness. Moreover, the NP stands a chance of legal action because this act is deemed as out of court settlement.

Strategies to Guide Decision Making

In this scenario, the NP made a mistake by failing to consider medical history of patient and prescribing controlled substance without being mindful of the potential occurrence of adverse effects. Therefore, if I was the advanced practice nurse, I would have conducted a detailed patient examination and consider the patient history to guide my action while prescribing the medication. Besides, the other strategy is to strictly rely on the Texas laws and regulations on prescription of controlled substance to guide decision making. For instance, I would work in collaboration with physician since NPs in Texas operates under restricted practice where they are required to form an agreement with supervising physician to be able to prescribe controlled substances (Lyapustina et al., 2016).

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Before writing prescription, it is advisable for the advanced nurse practitioner to first perform patient evaluation, diagnosis to identify the correct medical condition and the best medication for the condition. Consequently, according to Volpe, Melo, Aguiar, Pinho and Stival (2016), while providing hand written prescription, vital information such as date, patient’s name, address, and date of birth should be indicated. On the other hand, the prescriber’s name, contacts, and address should also be captured. Importantly, the medication name and associated details such as mechanisms of administration and dosages should be clearly stated.

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

References

Lyapustina, T., Rutkow, L., Chang, H. Y., Daubresse, M., Ramji, A. F., Faul, M., & Alexander, G. C. (2016). Effect of a “pill mill” law on opioid prescribing and utilization: the case of Texas. Drug and alcohol dependence, 159, 190-197.

Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Henry, G. T. (2018). Evaluation: A systematic approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Volpe, C. R. G., Melo, E. M. M. D., Aguiar, L. B. D., Pinho, D. L. M., & Stival, M. M. (2016). Risk factors for medication errors in the electronic and manual prescription. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 24.

Westrick, S. J., & Jacob, N. (2016). Disclosure of errors and apology: Law and ethics. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(2), 120-126.

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives every day. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the treatment plans and administration/prescribing of drugs is in accordance with the regulations of the state in which you practice. Understanding how these regulations may affect the prescribing of certain drugs in different states may have a significant impact on your patient’s treatment plan. In this Assignment, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond.

To Get Ready

Examine the Module Resources and think about the legal and ethical consequences of providing prescription medicines, disclosure, and nondisclosure.
Examine the situation that your instructor supplied for this Assignment.
Look up the regulations and standards for administering prescription pharmaceuticals and dealing with medication errors in your state or region, and consider them as you go through the scenario assigned by your instructor.
Consider the scenario’s ethical and legal ramifications for all parties, including the physician, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.
Consider two ways you would use as an advanced practice nurse to guide your ethical and legally responsible decision-making in this case, including whether you would disclose any drug errors.
Week 1’s seventh day

Write a 2- to 3-page paper addressing the following topics:

Explain the ethical and legal consequences of your chosen scenario for all stakeholders, including the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.
Describe techniques for dealing with disclosure and nondisclosure issues as described in the situation you chose. Make sure to check the legislation in your state.
Explain two tactics you would employ as an advanced practice nurse to guide your decision-making in this case, including whether you would reveal your error. Make certain to justify your explanation.
Explain the prescription writing process, including measures for reducing pharmaceutical errors.
Reminder: All papers submitted to the College of Nursing must have a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Walden Writing Center’s College of Nursing Writing Template with Instructions (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632) provides an example of those needed parts. This formatting must be used for all papers submitted.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Week 1 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Week 1 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 1 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 1

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 1 Assignment

What’s Coming Up in Module 2?

Photo Credit: [BrianAJackson]/[iStock / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images

In the next module, you will examine the impact of changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes on patient drug therapy for cardiovascular disorders and the types of drugs prescribed to patients with respiratory disorders.

Looking Ahead: Week 2 Assignment

In Week 2, your Instructor will assign you a case study related to Assignment 1 by Day 1 of the week. Please make sure to review the “Course Announcements” area of the course to verify your assigned case study. Please plan ahead to ensure you have time to review your case study and Learning Resources in order to complete your Assignment on time.

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto

Next Week

To go to the next week:

Module 2

Module 2: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

What’s Going on in This Module?

Module 2: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems is a two-week module that takes place between Weeks 2 and 3 of the course. This session will look at how patient characteristics can affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of pharmacotherapeutics used to treat cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. You will also investigate and recommend asthma drug therapy options, as well as examine the step-by-step method to asthma treatment and management.

What should I do?
When must I complete it?
Examine your Learning Resources.
Weeks 2 and 3: Days 1-7
Assignment 1: Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy
Assignment 2: Asthma and Stepwise Management is due on Day 7 of Week 2.
Submit your assignment by Week 3’s Day 7.
Navigate to the Week’s Content

Week 2

Week 3

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

Cardiovascular System (Week 2)

When the cardiovascular system is not treated in a timely and safe manner, it can cause major adverse outcomes and even death. Unfortunately, many individuals with cardiovascular diseases are unaware of their condition until difficulties arise. Patients frequently appear with signs of many cardiovascular illnesses in clinical settings, making it critical for you, as the advanced practice nurse, to detect these symptoms and recommend suitable pharmacological treatment options.

This week, you investigate the impact of patient variables on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients receiving medication therapy for cardiovascular illnesses. You will also look into approaches to optimize pharmacological therapy programs for cardiovascular illnesses based on patient variables and overall health requirements.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze the influence of patient factors on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes
Analyze the impact of changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes on patient drug therapies
Evaluate drug therapy plans for cardiovascular disorders

Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Chapter 33, “Review of Hemodynamics” (pp. 285–289)
Chapter 37, “Diuretics” (pp. 290–296)
Chapter 38, “Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System” (pp. 297–307)
Chapter 39, “Calcium Channel Blockers” (pp. 308–312)
Chapter 40, “Vasodilators” (pp. 313–317)
Chapter 41, “Drugs for Hypertension” (pp. 316–324)
Chapter 42, “Drugs for Heart Failure” (pp. 325–336)
Chapter 43, “Antidysrhythmic Drugs” (pp. 337–348)
Chapter 44, “Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels” (pp. 349–363)
Chapter 45, “Drugs for Angina Pectoris” (pp. 364–371)
Chapter 46, “Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 372–388)

Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

Cardiovascular Disorders

Meet Dr. Norbert Myslinski as he discusses ACE inhibitors, angiotensin inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics as different categories of hypertension drugs. What potential drugs might be best recommended for patients suffering from hypertension? (8m)

Rubric Detail

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.

Name: NURS_6521_Week1_Assignment_Rubric
Grid View
List View
Excellent Good Fair Poor
Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
23 (23%) – 25 (25%)
The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved.

The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
20 (20%) – 22 (22%)
The response explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved.

The response includes accurate explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
18 (18%) – 19 (19%)
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected for all stakeholders involved.

The response includes vague explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.
0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
The response vaguely and inaccurately explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected for all stakeholders involved, or the response is missing.

The response vaguely and inaccurately explains how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family, or is missing.
Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.
18 (18%) – 20 (20%)
An accurate, detailed, and clear description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided.

The response includes specific, detailed, and accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario.
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
An accurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided.

The response includes accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario.
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
A vague or inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided.

The response includes inaccurate or vague reference to state laws related to the scenario.
0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
A vague and inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided, or is missing.

The response includes vague and inaccurate reference to state laws related to the scenario, or is missing.
Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation.
18 (18%) – 20 (20%)
The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario.

The response accurately and completely explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate, detailed, and clear justification for the explanation provided.
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
The response accurately explains at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario.

The response accurately explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate justification for the explanation provided.
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or only explains one strategy.

The response inaccurately or vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, including a justification that is vague, inaccurate, or misaligned to the explanation provided.
0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
The response inaccurately and vaguely explains only one strategy that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or is missing.

The response inaccurately and vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, with no justification provided, or is missing.
Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to minimize medication errors.
18 (18%) – 20 (20%)
The response provides an accurate, detailed, and thorough explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including detailed strategies to minimize medication errors.
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
The response provides an accurate explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including some strategies to minimize medication errors.
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
The response provides an inaccurate or vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including inaccurate or vague strategies to minimize medication errors.
0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
The response provides an inaccurate and vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including inaccurate and vague strategies to minimize medication errors, or is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.
3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.
0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.
Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors
3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3–4) APA format errors
0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_6521_Week1_Assignment_Rubric

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

NURS-6521 BREAKDOWN – SPRING 2022

Hello!

Welcome to Advanced Pharmacology. I am glad that I get to go along with you through this course. I know that I will learn from you, and hopefully, I will be able to pass on some of my experiences to you. I realize that some of you may be overwhelmed at the thought of the amount of material that we will be covering.  You might be saying “It is so much information in a short period of time!” “How will I ever get all of the work done?” The amount of material can be daunting, but remember, I am here to help you and make sure that everyone gets the most out of this class that they can.

You may have looked at the rubric regarding grading for both the Discussion posts as well as the Assignments that will be done during this course. I do follow both of these grading schematics. What I am looking for in both is as follows:

1. Content is very important to me, so I want you to make sure that your posts and writings for assignments are substantial and are from credible sources (i.e., textbook, publications, etc.). Sources such as drugs.com, Medscape.com, etc., can be used, but they CANNOT be the only sources you have. The latter are set up as information sites only and will not always be accurate.

2. In your discussions, as well as assignments, you should be focusing on the medication parts of the assignment. This is a pharmacology class, so I want you to be researching how the disease is treated, why those treatments the best for the specific disease state, what complications come from treatment, how to avert possible problems with treatment, how to deal with comorbidities during treatments, etc. This is not all inclusive, but some of the things I want you to be thinking about. This will help ensure that you will get the most out of this class and sharpen your reasoning skills as to why certain treatments are used once you are in practice.

3. Just because a Discussion post is longer, does not mean it is better in my estimation. I want you to be able to find the correct information and efficiently write your thoughts and opinions. Your assignments will be assessed in the same manner. The syllabus states that the assignments should be 2-3 pages, and you MUST adhere to this. I have multiple sections that I am teaching, and a 10-page paper is not necessary, and slows the efficiency of being able to get your works graded and back to you. There should be no reason that your thoughts, if written well, can’t be done in the 2-3-page limit!

4. If a discussion or assignment calls for a scenario that is assigned by me, I will post it in the announcement for that week. All of my announcements for the upcoming week come on the Sunday before the week starts.

Exams – You will have a midterm exam and a final exam. I will let you know when a review document has been posted in the resources so that you have access to this. The exams open on the Monday of the Week 7 for the midterm and Monday of Week 11 for the final. I cannot release them early, so please do not ask me to.

Grading – Grading is not a straight point total that you will see in your Blackboard. Each part of the class is weighted differently. The two exams are weighted differently, and in turn, have a bigger effect on your grade. Please refer to the grading part of the syllabus for a full explanation on this.

I do want you to know that I require professionalism for ALL interactions in the class, and this includes being on time with Discussions, as well as being present in the class 3 DIFFERENT DAYS OF THE WEEK and responding to 2 DIFFERENT CLASSMATES. You will find that I ask a lot of questions. This is not intended to give you more busy work, but instead, to pose critical thinking topics for you to research and learn more about so that you are better versed when you get into practice. I appreciate you answering the questions that I pose, as I think they do help in your learning. I really want everyone to interact with one another, so you MUST respond to at least 2 different classmates during the week. We learn best by not knowing everything, but using our knowledge, as well as our colleagues to treat our patients effectively and safely.

I do not think it is fair to post discussions or turn in assignments late, or not participate to the amount required in the syllabus. I urge you to be on time so that unnecessary points are not deducted. The goal of this class is to master the information, and if you are not participating, that will not happen.

Lastly, please use the discussion posts for their intended purpose. For example, the Contact the Instructor Discussion Board is for asking questions that pertain to the class and alerting me of things that may be beneficial to the class in general. THIS IS NOT A FORUM FOR PERSONAL ISSUES. I have had past students use this to describe why they did not get an assignment in on time, and this is not acceptable. If you need to contact me regarding a personal problem, the best way, and most efficient is through my email.

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs NURS 6521

Assignments:

These MUST be turned in on time!

Note: If there is an emergency/life event that comes up, I will work with you, but I need to be made aware of these occurrences as soon as you know about them.

You will get out of this class what you put into it, and I am here to help guide you and make sure that you have a firm and definite understanding of Pharmacology.

As stated above, the best way to get a hold of me is by email. I have multiple sections that I am teaching, so when writing to me YOU MUST include the section number of the class you are in or your email may not be answered in a timely manner. This allows me to go to your specific section more efficiently.

EXAMPLE Email: From: nathan.wende1@mail.waldenu.edu

To: Professor Wende

Subject: NURS-6521-43: Question regarding last discussion post (Please include your section number!!)

Dear Professor:

On my last discussion….

I am excited to have you in class and am looking forward to learning from you and your experiences.